When Will the Snow Start in Reading Pa
Academic IELTS Reading Sample 285 - Snow-makers
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You lot should spend well-nigh 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 285 below.
Snow-makers
Skiing is big concern nowadays. But what can ski resort owners do if the snow doesn't come?
A. In the early to mid twentieth century, with the growing popularity of skiing, ski slopes became extremely assisting businesses. But ski resort owners were completely dependent on the weather: if it didn't snowfall, or didn't snow enough, they had to close everything down. Fortunately, a device called the snow gun can at present provide snowfall whenever it is needed. These days such machines are standard equipment in the vast majority of ski resorts effectually the world, making it possible for many resorts to stay open up for months or more a yr.
B. Snow formed by natural weather systems comes from h2o vapour in the atmosphere. The water vapour condenses into aerosol, forming clouds. If the temperature is sufficiently depression, the water droplets freeze into tiny ice crystals. More water particles and then condense onto the crystal and join with it to grade a snowflake. As the snow flake grows heavier, it falls towards the Earth.
C. The snow gun works very differently from a natural weather organisation, but it accomplishes exactly the aforementioned thing. The device basically works by combining water and air. Two dissimilar hoses are attached to the gun. one leading from a h2o pumping station which pumps water up from a lake or reservoir, and the other leading from an air compressor. When the compressed air passes through the hose into the gun. it atomises the h2o - that is, it disrupts the stream so that the h2o splits upwards into tiny droplets. The droplets are then blown out of the gun and if the outside temperature is below 0°C, ice crystals will form, and volition and then make snowflakes in the same way equally natural snow.
D. Snow-makers often talk well-nigh dry snow and moisture snow. Dry snow has a relatively low amount of water, so it is very calorie-free and powdery. This type of snow is excellent for skiing because skis glide over it easily without getting stuck in moisture slush. One of the advantages of using a snow-maker is that this powdery snowfall tin can be produced to give the ski slopes a level surface. However, on slopes which receive heavy use, resort owners besides utilize denser, wet snow underneath the dry out snow. Many resorts build up the snow depth this way once or twice a year, and then regularly glaze the trails with a layer of dry snow throughout the winter.
E. The wetness of snow is dependent on the temperature and humidity outside, besides equally the size of the water droplets launched by the gun. Snow-makers take to accommodate the proportions of water and air in their snow guns to become the perfect snow consistency for the outdoor weather conditions. Many ski slopes at present do this with a cardinal estimator system that is connected to conditions-reading stations all over the slope.
F. But man-made snow makes heavy demands on the environs. It takes well-nigh 275,000 litres of water to create a coating of snow roofing a 60x60 metre area. Well-nigh resorts pump water from one or more than reservoirs located in depression-lying areas. The run-off h2o from the slopes feeds back into these reservoirs, and then the resort can actually use the aforementioned water over and once more. However, considerable amounts of free energy are needed to run the large air-compressing pumps, and the diesel engines which run them too cause air pollution.
Grand. Because of the expense of making snow, ski resorts take to residual the cost of running the machines with the benefits of extending the ski season, making sure they merely make snow when it is actually needed and when it will bring the maximum amount of profit in render for the investment. But man-fabricated snowfall has a number of other uses as well. A layer of snow keeps a lot of the Earth'due south heat from escaping into the atmosphere, then farmers oftentimes use man-made snow to provide insulation for winter crops. Snow-making machines accept played a big part in many moving-picture show productions. Movie producers often have several months to shoot scenes that comprehend just a few days. If the movie takes place in a snowy setting, the set decorators have to get the right amount of snowfall for each day of shooting either by adding man-made snow or melting natural snow. And another important application of man-made snow is its use in the tests that aircraft must undergo in order to ensure that they can function safely in extreme weather condition.
Reading Passage 285 has seven paragraphs A-Grand.
Cull the correct heading for each paragraph from the list of headings below.
Write the correct number (i-x) in boxes 1-five on your respond sheet.
Example Reply
Paragraph A five
Paragraph B x
ane. Paragraph C
2. Paragraph D
3. Paragraph E
4. Paragraph F
v. Paragraph Chiliad
List of headings
i Considering ecological costs
two Modifications to the blueprint of the snowfall gun
iii The need for different varieties of snowfall
iv Local concern over environmental issues
v A trouble and a solution
vi Applications across the ski slopes
seven Converting wet snowfall to dry out snowfall
eight New method for calculating modifications
ix Artificial process, natural production
x Snow formation in nature
Label the diagram below.
Choose NO More than THAN 2 WORDS from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 6-8 on your answer canvas.
Complete the sentences below.
Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 9-xiii on your answer sheet.
9. Dry snow is used to requite slopes a level surface, while wet snowfall is used to increment the ................. on decorated slopes.
10. To calculate the required snow consistency, the ................. of the temper must first exist measured.
xi. The machinery used in the process of making the snow consumes a lot of ................. which is damaging to the environment.
12. Bogus snow is used in agriculture as a type of ................. for plants in cold weather condition.
xiii. Bogus snow may also be used in conveying out safety checks on .................
Click the button to Show/ Hide Answers.
Reply:
ane. ix
2. iii
3. viii
4. i
5. vi
6. compressed
7. (tiny) droplets
8. ice crystals
9. depth
10. temperature and humidity
eleven. energy
12. insulation
13. shipping
Source: https://www.ielts-mentor.com/reading-sample/academic-reading/2821-snow-makers
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